1522 lines
74 KiB
Plaintext
1522 lines
74 KiB
Plaintext
NAME
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postfwd - postfix firewall daemon
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SYNOPSIS
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postfwd [OPTIONS] [SOURCE1, SOURCE2, ...]
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Ruleset: (at least one, multiple use is allowed):
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-f, --file <file> reads rules from <file>
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-r, --rule <rule> adds <rule> to config
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Scoring:
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-s, --scores <v>=<r> returns <r> when score exceeds <v>
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Control:
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-d, --daemon run postfwd as daemon
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-k, --kill stops daemon
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--reload reloads configuration
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--dumpstats displays usage statistics
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--dumpcache displays cache contents
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--delcache <item> removes an item from the request cache
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--delrate <item> removes an item from the rate cache
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Networking:
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-i, --interface <dev> listen on interface <dev>
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-p, --port <port> listen on port <port>
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--proto <proto> socket type (tcp or unix)
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-u, --user <name> set uid to user <name>
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-g, --group <name> set gid to group <name>
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--umask <mask> set umask for file permissions
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-R, --chroot <path> chroot the daemon to <path>
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--pidfile <path> create pidfile under <path>
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--facility <f> syslog facility
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--socktype <s> syslog socktype
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-l, --logname <label> label for syslog messages
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--loglen <int> truncates syslogs after <int> chars
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Caching:
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-c, --cache <int> sets the request-cache timeout to <int> seconds
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--cache-no-size ignores size attribute for caching
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--cache-no-sender ignores sender address in cache
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--cache-rdomain-only ignores localpart of recipient address in cache
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--cache-rbl-timeout default rbl timeout, if not specified in ruleset
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--cache-rbl-default default rbl response pattern to match (regexp)
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--cacheid <item>, .. list of attributes for request cache identifier
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--cleanup-requests cleanup interval in seconds for request cache
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--cleanup-rbls cleanup interval in seconds for rbl cache
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--cleanup-rates cleanup interval in seconds for rate cache
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Optional:
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-t, --test testing, always returns "dunno"
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-v, --verbose verbose logging, use twice (-vv) to increase level
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-S, --summary <int> show some usage statistics every <int> seconds
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--norulelog disbles rule logging
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--norulestats disables per rule statistics
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--noidlestats disables statistics when idle
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-n, --nodns disable dns
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--nodnslog disable dns logging
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--dns_async_txt perform dnsbl A and TXT lookups simultaneously
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--dns_timeout timeout in seconds for asynchonous dns queries
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--dns_timeout_max maximum of dns timeouts until a dnsbl will be deactivated
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--dns_timeout_interval interval in seconds for dns timeout maximum counter
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--dns_max_ns_lookups max names to look up with sender_ns_addrs
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--dns_max_mx_lookups max names to look up with sender_mx_addrs
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-I, --instantcfg re-reads rulefiles for every new request
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--config_timeout <i> parser timeout in seconds
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--keep_rates do not clear rate limit counters on reload
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--save_rates <file> save and load rate limits on disk
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--fast_limit_evaluation evaluate rate limits before ruleset is parsed
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(please note the limitations)
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Plugins:
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--plugins <file> loads postfwd plugins from file
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Informational (use only at command-line!):
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-C, --showconfig shows ruleset summary, -v for verbose
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-L, --stdoutlog redirect syslog messages to stdout
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-P, --perfmon no syslogging, no stdout
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-V, --version shows program version
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-h, --help shows usage
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-m, --manual shows program manual
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DESCRIPTION
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INTRODUCTION
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postfwd is written to combine complex postfix restrictions in a ruleset
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similar to those of the most firewalls. The program uses the postfix
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policy delegation protocol to control access to the mail system before a
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message has been accepted (please visit
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<http://www.postfix.org/SMTPD_POLICY_README.html> for more information).
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postfwd allows you to choose an action (e.g. reject, dunno) for a
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combination of several smtp parameters (like sender and recipient
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address, size or the client's TLS fingerprint). Also it offers simple
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macros/acls which should allow straightforward and easy-to-read
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configurations.
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*Features:*
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* Complex combinations of smtp parameters
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* Combined RBL/RHSBL lookups with arbitrary actions depending on results
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* Scoring system
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* Date/time based rules
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* Macros/ACLs, Groups, Negation
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* Compare request attributes (e.g. client_name and helo_name)
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* Internal caching for requests and dns lookups
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* Built in statistics for rule efficiency analysis
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CONFIGURATION
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A configuration line consists of optional item=value pairs, separated by
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semicolons (`;`) and the appropriate desired action:
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[ <item1>=<value>; <item2>=<value>; ... ] action=<result>
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*Example:*
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client_address=192.168.1.1 ; sender==no@bad.local ; action=REJECT
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This will deny all mail from 192.168.1.1 with envelope sender
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no@bad.local. The order of the elements is not important. So the
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following would lead to the same result as the previous example:
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action=REJECT ; client_address=192.168.1.1 ; sender==no@bad.local
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The way how request items are compared to the ruleset can be influenced
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in the following way:
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====================================================================
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ITEM == VALUE true if ITEM equals VALUE
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ITEM => VALUE true if ITEM >= VALUE
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ITEM =< VALUE true if ITEM <= VALUE
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ITEM > VALUE true if ITEM > VALUE
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ITEM < VALUE true if ITEM < VALUE
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ITEM =~ VALUE true if ITEM ~= /^VALUE$/i
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ITEM != VALUE false if ITEM equals VALUE
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ITEM !> VALUE false if ITEM >= VALUE
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ITEM !< VALUE false if ITEM <= VALUE
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ITEM !~ VALUE false if ITEM ~= /^VALUE$/i
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ITEM = VALUE default behaviour (see ITEMS section)
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====================================================================
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To identify single rules in your log files, you may add an unique
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identifier for each of it:
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id=R_001 ; action=REJECT ; client_address=192.168.1.1 ; sender==no@bad.local
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You may use these identifiers as target for the `jump()` command (see
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ACTIONS section below). Leading or trailing whitespace characters will
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be ignored. Use '#' to comment your configuration. Others will
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appreciate.
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A ruleset consists of one or multiple rules, which can be loaded from
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files or passed as command line arguments. Please see the COMMAND LINE
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section below for more information on this topic.
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Since postfwd version 1.30 rules spanning span multiple lines can be
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defined by prefixing the following lines with one or multiple whitespace
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characters (or '}' for macros):
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id=RULE001
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client_address=192.168.1.0/24
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sender==no@bad.local
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action=REJECT no access
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postfwd versions prior to 1.30 require trailing ';' and '\'-characters:
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id=RULE001; \
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client_address=192.168.1.0/24; \
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sender==no@bad.local; \
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action=REJECT no access
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ITEMS
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id - a unique rule id, which can be used for log analysis
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ids also serve as targets for the "jump" command.
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date, time - a time or date range within the specified rule shall hit
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# FORMAT:
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# Feb, 29th
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date=29.02.2008
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# Dec, 24th - 26th
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date=24.12.2008-26.12.2008
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# from today until Nov, 23rd
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date=-23.09.2008
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# from April, 1st until today
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date=01.04.2008-
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days, months - a range of weekdays (Sun-Sat) or months (Jan-Dec)
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within the specified rule shall hit
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score - when the specified score is hit (see ACTIONS section)
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the specified action will be returned to postfix
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scores are set global until redefined!
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request_score - this value allows to access a request's score. it
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may be used as variable ($$request_score).
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rbl, rhsbl, - query the specified RBLs/RHSBLs, possible values are:
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rhsbl_client, <name>[/<reply>/<maxcache>, <name>/<reply>/<maxcache>]
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rhsbl_sender, (defaults: reply=^127\.0\.0\.\d+$ maxcache=3600)
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rhsbl_reverse_client the results of all rhsbl_* queries will be combined
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in rhsbl_count (see below).
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rblcount, rhsblcount - minimum RBL/RHSBL hitcounts to match. if not specified
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a single RBL/RHSBL hit will match the rbl/rhsbl items.
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you may specify 'all' to evaluate all items, and use
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it as variable in an action (see ACTIONS section)
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(default: 1)
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sender_localpart, - the local-/domainpart of the sender address
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sender_domain
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recipient_localpart, - the local-/domainpart of the recipient address
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recipient_domain
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helo_address - postfwd tries to look up the helo_name. use
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helo_address=!!(0.0.0.0/0) to check for unknown.
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Please do not use this for positive access control
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(whitelisting), as it might be forged.
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sender_ns_names, - postfwd tries to look up the names/ip addresses
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sender_ns_addrs of the nameservers for the sender domain part.
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Please do not use this for positive access control
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(whitelisting), as it might be forged.
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sender_mx_names, - postfwd tries to look up the names/ip addresses
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sender_mx_addrs of the mx records for the sender domain part.
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Please do not use this for positive access control
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(whitelisting), as it might be forged.
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version - postfwd version, contains "postfwd n.nn"
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this enables version based checks in your rulesets
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(e.g. for migration). works with old versions too,
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because a non-existing item always returns false:
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# version >= 1.10
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id=R01; version~=1\.[1-9][0-9]; sender_domain==some.org \
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; action=REJECT sorry no access
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ratecount - only available for rate(), size() and rcpt() actions.
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contains the actual limit counter:
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id=R01; action=rate(sender/200/600/REJECT limit of 200 exceeded [$$ratecount hits])
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id=R02; action=rate(sender/100/600/WARN limit of 100 exceeded [$$ratecount hits])
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Besides these you can specify any attribute of the postfix policy
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delegation protocol. Feel free to combine them the way you need it (have
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a look at the EXAMPLES section below).
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Most values can be specified as regular expressions (PCRE). Please see
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the table below for details:
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# ==========================================================
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# ITEM=VALUE TYPE
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# ==========================================================
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id=something mask = string
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date=01.04.2007-22.04.2007 mask = date (DD.MM.YYYY-DD.MM.YYYY)
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time=08:30:00-17:00:00 mask = time (HH:MM:SS-HH:MM:SS)
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days=Mon-Wed mask = weekdays (Mon-Wed) or numeric (1-3)
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months=Feb-Apr mask = months (Feb-Apr) or numeric (1-3)
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score=5.0 mask = maximum floating point value
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rbl=zen.spamhaus.org mask = <name>/<reply>/<maxcache>[,...]
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rblcount=2 mask = numeric, will match if rbl hits >= 2
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helo_address=<a.b.c.d/nn> mask = CIDR[,CIDR,...]
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sender_ns_names=some.domain.tld mask = PCRE
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sender_mx_names=some.domain.tld mask = PCRE
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sender_ns_addrs=<a.b.c.d/nn> mask = CIDR[,CIDR,...]
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sender_mx_addrs=<a.b.c.d/nn> mask = CIDR[,CIDR,...]
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# ------------------------------
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# Postfix version 2.1 and later:
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# ------------------------------
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client_address=<a.b.c.d/nn> mask = CIDR[,CIDR,...]
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client_name=another.domain.tld mask = PCRE
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reverse_client_name=another.domain.tld mask = PCRE
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helo_name=some.domain.tld mask = PCRE
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sender=foo@bar.tld mask = PCRE
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recipient=bar@foo.tld mask = PCRE
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recipient_count=5 mask = numeric, will match if recipients >= 5
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# ------------------------------
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# Postfix version 2.2 and later:
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# ------------------------------
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sasl_method=plain mask = PCRE
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sasl_username=you mask = PCRE
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sasl_sender= mask = PCRE
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size=12345 mask = numeric, will match if size >= 12345
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ccert_subject=blackhole.nowhere.local mask = PCRE (only if tls verified)
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ccert_issuer=John+20Doe mask = PCRE (only if tls verified)
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ccert_fingerprint=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:... mask = PCRE (do NOT use "..." here)
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# ------------------------------
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# Postfix version 2.3 and later:
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# ------------------------------
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encryption_protocol=TLSv1/SSLv3 mask = PCRE
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encryption_cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA mask = PCRE
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encryption_keysize=256 mask = numeric, will match if keysize >= 256
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...
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the current list can be found at
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<http://www.postfix.org/SMTPD_POLICY_README.html>. Please read carefully
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about which attribute can be used at which level of the smtp transaction
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(e.g. size will only work reliably at END-OF-MESSAGE level). Pattern
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matching is performed case insensitive.
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Multiple use of the same item is allowed and will compared as logical
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OR, which means that this will work as expected:
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id=TRUST001; action=OK; encryption_keysize=64
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ccert_fingerprint=11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99
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ccert_fingerprint=22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00
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ccert_fingerprint=33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00:11
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sender=@domain\.local$
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client_address, rbl and rhsbl items may also be specified as
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whitespace-or-comma-separated values:
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id=SKIP01; action=dunno
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client_address=192.168.1.0/24, 172.16.254.23
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id=SKIP02; action=dunno
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client_address=10.10.3.32 10.216.222.0/27
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The following items currently have to be unique:
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id, minimum and maximum values, rblcount and rhsblcount
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Any item can be negated by preceeding '!!' to it, e.g.:
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id=HOST001 ; hostname == !!secure.trust.local ; action=REJECT only secure.trust.local please
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or using the right compare operator:
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id=HOST001 ; hostname != secure.trust.local ; action=REJECT only secure.trust.local please
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To avoid confusion with regexps or simply for better visibility you can
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use '!!(...)':
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id=USER01 ; sasl_username = !!( (bob|alice) ) ; action=REJECT who is that?
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Request attributes can be compared by preceeding '$$' characters, e.g.:
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id=R-003 ; client_name = !! $$helo_name ; action=WARN helo does not match DNS
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# or
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id=R-003 ; client_name = !!($$(helo_name)) ; action=WARN helo does not match DNS
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This is only valid for PCRE values (see list above). The comparison will
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be performed as case insensitive exact match. Use the '-vv' option to
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debug.
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These special items will be reset for any new rule:
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rblcount - contains the number of RBL answers
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rhsblcount - contains the number of RHSBL answers
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matches - contains the number of matched items
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dnsbltext - contains the dns TXT part of all RBL and RHSBL replies in the form
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rbltype:rblname:<txt>; rbltype:rblname:<txt>; ...
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These special items will be changed for any matching rule:
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request_hits - contains ids of all matching rules
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This means that it might be necessary to save them, if you plan to use
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these values in later rules:
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# set vals
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id=RBL01 ; rhsblcount=all; rblcount=all
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action=set(HIT_rhls=$$rhsblcount,HIT_rbls=$$rblcount,HIT_txt=$$dnsbltext)
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rbl=list.dsbl.org, bl.spamcop.net, dnsbl.sorbs.net, zen.spamhaus.org
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rhsbl_client=rddn.dnsbl.net.au, rhsbl.ahbl.org, rhsbl.sorbs.net
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rhsbl_sender=rddn.dnsbl.net.au, rhsbl.ahbl.org, rhsbl.sorbs.net
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# compare
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id=RBL02 ; HIT_rhls>=1 ; HIT_rbls>=1 ; action=554 5.7.1 blocked using $$HIT_rhls RHSBLs and $$HIT_rbls RBLs [INFO: $$HIT_txt]
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id=RBL03 ; HIT_rhls>=2 ; action=554 5.7.1 blocked using $$HIT_rhls RHSBLs [INFO: $$HIT_txt]
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id=RBL04 ; HIT_rbls>=2 ; action=554 5.7.1 blocked using $$HIT_rbls RBLs [INFO: $$HIT_txt]
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FILES
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Since postfwd1 v1.15 and postfwd2 v0.18 long item lists can be stored in
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separate files:
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id=R001 ; ccert_fingerprint==file:/etc/postfwd/wl_ccerts ; action=DUNNO
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postfwd will read a list of items (one item per line) from
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/etc/postfwd/wl_ccerts. comments are allowed:
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# client1
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11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99
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# client2
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22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00
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# client3
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33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00:11
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To use existing tables in key=value format, you can use:
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id=R001 ; ccert_fingerprint==table:/etc/postfwd/wl_ccerts ; action=DUNNO
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This will ignore the right-hand value. Items can be mixed:
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id=R002 ; action=REJECT
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client_name==unknown
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client_name==file:/etc/postfwd/blacklisted
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and for non pcre (comma separated) items:
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id=R003 ; action=REJECT
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client_address==10.1.1.1, file:/etc/postfwd/blacklisted
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id=R004 ; action=REJECT
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rbl=myrbl.home.local, zen.spamhaus.org, file:/etc/postfwd/rbls_changing
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You can check your configuration with the --show_config option at the
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command line:
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# postfwd --showconfig --rule='action=DUNNO; client_address=10.1.0.0/16, file:/etc/postfwd/wl_clients, 192.168.2.1'
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should give something like:
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Rule 0: id->"R-0"; action->"DUNNO"; client_address->"=;10.1.0.0/16, =;194.123.86.10, =;186.4.6.12, =;192.168.2.1"
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If a file can not be read, it will be ignored:
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# postfwd --showconfig --rule='action=DUNNO; client_address=10.1.0.0/16, file:/etc/postfwd/wl_clients, 192.168.2.1'
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[LOG warning]: error: file /etc/postfwd/wl_clients not found - file will be ignored ?
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Rule 0: id->"R-0"; action->"DUNNO"; client_address->"=;10.1.0.0/16, =;192.168.2.1"
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File items are evaluated at configuration stage. Therefore postfwd needs
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to be reloaded if a file has changed.
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If you want to specify a file, that will be reloaded for each request,
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you can use lfile: and ltable:
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id=R001; client_address=lfile:/etc/postfwd/client_whitelist; action=dunno
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This will check the modification time of /etc/postfwd/client_whitelist
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every time the rule is evaluated and reload it as necessary. Of course
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this might increase the system load, so please use it with care.
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The --showconfig option illustrates the difference:
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## evaluated at configuration stage
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# postfwd2 --nodaemon -L --rule='client_address=table:/etc/postfwd/clients; action=dunno' -C
|
||
Rule 0: id->"R-0"; action->"dunno"; client_address->"=;1.1.1.1, =;1.1.1.2, =;1.1.1.3"
|
||
|
||
## evaluated for any rulehit
|
||
# postfwd2 --nodaemon -L --rule='client_address=ltable:/etc/postfwd/clients; action=dunno' -C
|
||
Rule 0: id->"R-0"; action->"dunno"; client_address->"=;ltable:/etc/postfwd/clients"
|
||
|
||
Files can refer to other files. The following is valid.
|
||
|
||
-- FILE /etc/postfwd/rules.cf --
|
||
id=R001; client_address=file:/etc/postfwd/clients_master.cf; action=DUNNO
|
||
|
||
-- FILE /etc/postfwd/clients_master.cf --
|
||
192.168.1.0/24
|
||
file:/etc/postfwd/clients_east.cf
|
||
file:/etc/postfwd/clients_west.cf
|
||
|
||
-- FILE /etc/postfwd/clients_east.cf --
|
||
192.168.2.0/24
|
||
|
||
-- FILE /etc/postfwd/clients_west.cf --
|
||
192.168.3.0/24
|
||
|
||
Note that there is currently no loop detection (/a/file calls /a/file)
|
||
and that this feature is only available with postfwd1 v1.15 and postfwd2
|
||
v0.18 and higher.
|
||
|
||
ACTIONS
|
||
*General*
|
||
|
||
Actions will be executed, when all rule items have matched a request (or
|
||
at least one of any item list). You can refer to request attributes by
|
||
preceeding $$ characters, like:
|
||
|
||
id=R-003; client_name = !!$$helo_name; action=WARN helo '$$helo_name' does not match DNS '$$client_name'
|
||
# or
|
||
id=R-003; client_name = !!$$helo_name; action=WARN helo '$$(helo_name)' does not match DNS '$$(client_name)'
|
||
|
||
*postfix actions*
|
||
|
||
Actions will be replied to postfix as result to policy delegation
|
||
requests. Any action that postfix understands is allowed - see "man 5
|
||
access" or <http://www.postfix.org/access.5.html> for a description. If
|
||
no action is specified, the postfix WARN action which simply logs the
|
||
event will be used for the corresponding rule.
|
||
|
||
postfwd will return dunno if it has reached the end of the ruleset and
|
||
no rule has matched. This can be changed by placing a last rule
|
||
containing only an action statement:
|
||
|
||
...
|
||
action=dunno ; sender=@domain.local # sender is ok
|
||
action=reject # default deny
|
||
|
||
*postfwd actions*
|
||
|
||
postfwd actions control the behaviour of the program. Currently you can
|
||
specify the following:
|
||
|
||
jump (<id>)
|
||
jumps to rule with id <id>, use this to skip certain rules.
|
||
you can jump backwards - but remember that there is no loop
|
||
detection at the moment! jumps to non-existing ids will be skipped.
|
||
|
||
score (<score>)
|
||
the request's score will be modified by the specified <score>,
|
||
which must be a floating point value. the modificator can be either
|
||
+n.nn adds n.nn to current score
|
||
-n.nn sustracts n.nn from the current score
|
||
*n.nn multiplies the current score by n.nn
|
||
/n.nn divides the current score through n.nn
|
||
=n.nn sets the current score to n.nn
|
||
if the score exceeds the maximum set by `--scores` option (see
|
||
COMMAND LINE) or the score item (see ITEMS section), the action
|
||
defined for this case will be returned (default: 5.0=>"REJECT postfwd score exceeded").
|
||
|
||
set (<item>=<value>,<item>=<value>,...)
|
||
this command allows you to insert or override request attributes, which then may be
|
||
compared to your further ruleset. use this to speed up repeated comparisons to large item lists.
|
||
please see the EXAMPLES section for more information. you may separate multiple key=value pairs
|
||
by "," characters.
|
||
|
||
rate (<item>/<max>/<time>/<action>)
|
||
this command creates a counter for the given <item>, which will be increased any time a request
|
||
containing it arrives. if it exceeds <max> within <time> seconds it will return <action> to postfix.
|
||
rate counters are very fast as they are executed before the ruleset is parsed.
|
||
please note that <action> was limited to postfix actions (no postfwd actions) for postfwd versions <1.33!
|
||
# no more than 3 requests per 5 minutes
|
||
# from the same "unknown" client
|
||
id=RATE01 ; client_name==unknown
|
||
action=rate(client_address/3/300/450 4.7.1 sorry, max 3 requests per 5 minutes)
|
||
Please note also that the order of rate limits in your ruleset is important, which means
|
||
that this:
|
||
# works as expected
|
||
id=R001; action=rcpt(sender/500/3600/REJECT limit of 500 recipients per hour for sender $$sender exceeded)
|
||
id=R002; action=rcpt(sender/200/3600/WARN state YELLOW for sender $$sender)
|
||
leads to different results than this:
|
||
# rule R002 never gets executed
|
||
id=R001; action=rcpt(sender/200/3600/WARN state YELLOW for sender $$sender)
|
||
id=R002; action=rcpt(sender/500/3600/REJECT limit of 500 recipients per hour for sender $$sender exceeded)
|
||
|
||
size (<item>/<max>/<time>/<action>)
|
||
this command works similar to the rate() command with the difference, that the rate counter is
|
||
increased by the request's size attribute. to do this reliably you should call postfwd from
|
||
smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions. if you want to be sure, you could check it within the ruleset:
|
||
# size limit 1.5mb per hour per client
|
||
id=SIZE01 ; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE ; client_address!=10.1.1.1
|
||
action=size(client_address/1572864/3600/450 4.7.1 sorry, max 1.5mb per hour)
|
||
|
||
rcpt (<item>/<max>/<time>/<action>)
|
||
this command works similar to the rate() command with the difference, that the rate counter is
|
||
increased by the request's recipient_count attribute. to do this reliably you should call postfwd
|
||
from smtpd_data_restrictions or smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions. if you want to be sure, you could
|
||
check it within the ruleset:
|
||
# recipient count limit 3 per hour per client
|
||
id=RCPT01 ; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE ; client_address!=10.1.1.1
|
||
action=rcpt(client_address/3/3600/450 4.7.1 sorry, max 3 recipients per hour)
|
||
|
||
rate5321,size5321,rcpt5321 (<item>/<max>/<time>/<action>)
|
||
same as the corresponding non-5321 functions, with the difference that the localpart of
|
||
sender oder recipient addresses are evaluated case-sensitive according to rfc5321. That
|
||
means that requests from bob@example.local and BoB@example.local will be treated differently
|
||
|
||
ask (<addr>:<port>[:<ignore>])
|
||
allows to delegate the policy decision to another policy service (e.g. postgrey). the first
|
||
and the second argument (address and port) are mandatory. a third optional argument may be
|
||
specified to tell postfwd to ignore certain answers and go on parsing the ruleset:
|
||
# example1: query postgrey and return it's answer to postfix
|
||
id=GREY; client_address==10.1.1.1; action=ask(127.0.0.1:10031)
|
||
# example2: query postgrey but ignore the answer, if it matches 'DUNNO'
|
||
# and continue parsing postfwd's ruleset
|
||
id=GREY; client_address==10.1.1.1; action=ask(127.0.0.1:10031:^dunno$)
|
||
|
||
mail(server/helo/from/to/subject/body)
|
||
This command is deprecated. You should try to use the sendmail() action instead.
|
||
Very basic mail command, that sends a message with the given arguments. LIMITATIONS:
|
||
This basically performs a telnet. No authentication or TLS are available. Additionally it does
|
||
not track notification state and will notify you any time, the corresponding rule hits.
|
||
|
||
sendmail(sendmail-path::from::to::subject::body)
|
||
Mail command, that uses an existing sendmail binary and sends a message with the given arguments.
|
||
LIMITATIONS: The command does not track notification state and will notify you any time, the
|
||
corresponding rule hits (which could mean 100 mails for a mail with 100 recipients at RCPT stage).
|
||
|
||
wait (<delay>)
|
||
pauses the program execution for <delay> seconds. use this for
|
||
delaying or throtteling connections.
|
||
|
||
note (<string>)
|
||
just logs the given string and continues parsing the ruleset.
|
||
if the string is empty, nothing will be logged (noop).
|
||
|
||
quit (<code>)
|
||
terminates the program with the given exit-code. postfix doesn`t
|
||
like that too much, so use it with care.
|
||
|
||
You can reference to request attributes, like
|
||
|
||
id=R-HELO ; helo_name=^[^\.]+$ ; action=REJECT invalid helo '$$helo_name'
|
||
|
||
MACROS/ACLS
|
||
Multiple use of long items or combinations of them may be abbreviated by
|
||
macros. Those must be prefixed by '&&' (two '&' characters). First the
|
||
macros have to be defined as follows:
|
||
|
||
&&RBLS { rbl=zen.spamhaus.org,list.dsbl.org,bl.spamcop.net,dnsbl.sorbs.net,ix.dnsbl.manitu.net; };
|
||
|
||
Then these may be used in your rules, like:
|
||
|
||
&&RBLS ; client_name=^unknown$ ; action=REJECT
|
||
&&RBLS ; client_name=(\d+[\.-_]){4} ; action=REJECT
|
||
&&RBLS ; client_name=[\.-_](adsl|dynamic|ppp|)[\.-_] ; action=REJECT
|
||
|
||
Macros can contain actions, too:
|
||
|
||
# definition
|
||
&&GONOW { action=REJECT your request caused our spam detection policy to reject this message. More info at http://www.domain.local; };
|
||
# rules
|
||
&&GONOW ; &&RBLS ; client_name=^unknown$
|
||
&&GONOW ; &&RBLS ; client_name=(\d+[\.-_]){4}
|
||
&&GONOW ; &&RBLS ; client_name=[\.-_](adsl|dynamic|ppp|)[\.-_]
|
||
|
||
Macros can contain macros, too:
|
||
|
||
# definition
|
||
&&RBLS{
|
||
rbl=zen.spamhaus.org
|
||
rbl=list.dsbl.org
|
||
rbl=bl.spamcop.net
|
||
rbl=dnsbl.sorbs.net
|
||
rbl=ix.dnsbl.manitu.net
|
||
};
|
||
&&DYNAMIC{
|
||
client_name=^unknown$
|
||
client_name=(\d+[\.-_]){4}
|
||
client_name=[\.-_](adsl|dynamic|ppp|)[\.-_]
|
||
};
|
||
&&GOAWAY { &&RBLS; &&DYNAMIC; };
|
||
# rules
|
||
&&GOAWAY ; action=REJECT dynamic client and listed on RBL
|
||
|
||
Basically macros are simple text substitutions - see the "PARSER"
|
||
section for more information.
|
||
|
||
PLUGINS
|
||
Description
|
||
|
||
The plugin interface allow you to define your own checks and enhance
|
||
postfwd's functionality. Feel free to share useful things!
|
||
|
||
Warning
|
||
|
||
Note that the plugin interface is still at devel stage. Please test your
|
||
plugins carefully, because errors may cause postfwd to break! It is also
|
||
allowed to override attributes or built-in functions, but be sure that
|
||
you know what you do because some of them are used internally.
|
||
|
||
Please keep security in mind, when you access sensible ressources and
|
||
never, ever run postfwd as privileged user! Also never trust your input
|
||
(especially hostnames, and e-mail addresses).
|
||
|
||
ITEMS
|
||
|
||
Item plugins are perl subroutines which integrate additional attributes
|
||
to requests before they are evaluated against postfwd's ruleset like any
|
||
other item of the policy delegation protocol. This allows you to create
|
||
your own checks.
|
||
|
||
plugin-items can not be used selective. these functions will be executed
|
||
for every request postfwd receives, so keep performance in mind.
|
||
|
||
SYNOPSIS: %result = postfwd_items_plugin{<name>}(%request)
|
||
|
||
means that your subroutine, called <name>, has access to a hash called
|
||
%request, which contains all request attributes, like
|
||
$request{client_name} and must return a value in the following form:
|
||
|
||
save: $result{<item>} = <value>
|
||
|
||
this creates the new item <item> containing <value>, which will be
|
||
integrated in the policy delegation request and therefore may be used in
|
||
postfwd's ruleset.
|
||
|
||
# do NOT remove the next line
|
||
%postfwd_items_plugin = (
|
||
|
||
# EXAMPLES - integrated in postfwd. no need to activate them here.
|
||
|
||
# allows to check postfwd version in ruleset
|
||
"version" => sub {
|
||
my(%request) = @_;
|
||
my(%result) = (
|
||
"version" => $NAME." ".$VERSION,
|
||
);
|
||
return %result;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
# sender_domain and recipient_domain
|
||
"address_parts" => sub {
|
||
my(%request) = @_;
|
||
my(%result) = ();
|
||
$request{sender} =~ /@([^@]*)$/;
|
||
$result{sender_domain} = ($1 || '');
|
||
$request{recipient} =~ /@([^@]*)$/;
|
||
$result{recipient_domain} = ($1 || '');
|
||
return %result;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
# do NOT remove the next line
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
COMPARE
|
||
|
||
Compare plugins allow you to define how your new items should be
|
||
compared to the ruleset. These are optional. If you don't specify one,
|
||
the default (== for exact match, =~ for PCRE, ...) will be used.
|
||
|
||
SYNOPSIS: <item> => sub { return &{$postfwd_compare{<type>}}(@_); },
|
||
|
||
# do NOT remove the next line
|
||
%postfwd_compare_plugin = (
|
||
|
||
EXAMPLES - integrated in postfwd. no need to activate them here.
|
||
|
||
# Simple example
|
||
# SYNOPSIS: <result> = <item> (return &{$postfwd_compare{<type>}}(@_))
|
||
"client_address" => sub { return &{$postfwd_compare{cidr}}(@_); },
|
||
"size" => sub { return &{$postfwd_compare{numeric}}(@_); },
|
||
"recipient_count" => sub { return &{$postfwd_compare{numeric}}(@_); },
|
||
|
||
# Complex example
|
||
# SYNOPSIS: <result> = <item>(<operator>, <ruleset value>, <request value>, <request>)
|
||
"numeric" => sub {
|
||
my($cmp,$val,$myitem,%request) = @_;
|
||
my($myresult) = undef; $myitem ||= "0"; $val ||= "0";
|
||
if ($cmp eq '==') {
|
||
$myresult = ($myitem == $val);
|
||
} elsif ($cmp eq '=<') {
|
||
$myresult = ($myitem <= $val);
|
||
} elsif ($cmp eq '=>') {
|
||
$myresult = ($myitem >= $val);
|
||
} elsif ($cmp eq '<') {
|
||
$myresult = ($myitem < $val);
|
||
} elsif ($cmp eq '>') {
|
||
$myresult = ($myitem > $val);
|
||
} elsif ($cmp eq '!=') {
|
||
$myresult = not($myitem == $val);
|
||
} elsif ($cmp eq '!<') {
|
||
$myresult = not($myitem <= $val);
|
||
} elsif ($cmp eq '!>') {
|
||
$myresult = not($myitem >= $val);
|
||
} else {
|
||
$myresult = ($myitem >= $val);
|
||
};
|
||
return $myresult;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
# do NOT remove the next line
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
ACTIONS
|
||
|
||
Action plugins allow to define new postfwd actions. By setting the
|
||
$stop-flag you can decide to continue or to stop parsing the ruleset.
|
||
|
||
SYNOPSIS: (<stop rule parsing>, <next rule index>, <return action>, <logprefix>, <request>) =
|
||
<action> (<current rule index>, <current time>, <command name>, <argument>, <logprefix>, <request>)
|
||
|
||
# do NOT remove the next line
|
||
%postfwd_actions_plugin = (
|
||
|
||
# EXAMPLES - integrated in postfwd. no need to activate them here.
|
||
|
||
# note(<logstring>) command
|
||
"note" => sub {
|
||
my($index,$now,$mycmd,$myarg,$myline,%request) = @_;
|
||
my($myaction) = 'dunno'; my($stop) = 0;
|
||
log_info "[RULES] ".$myline." - note: ".$myarg if $myarg;
|
||
return ($stop,$index,$myaction,$myline,%request);
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
# skips next <myarg> rules
|
||
"skip" => sub {
|
||
my($index,$now,$mycmd,$myarg,$myline,%request) = @_;
|
||
my($myaction) = 'dunno'; my($stop) = 0;
|
||
$index += $myarg if ( $myarg and not(($index + $myarg) > $#Rules) );
|
||
return ($stop,$index,$myaction,$myline,%request);
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
# dumps current request contents to syslog
|
||
"dumprequest" => sub {
|
||
my($index,$now,$mycmd,$myarg,$myline,%request) = @_;
|
||
my($myaction) = 'dunno'; my($stop) = 0;
|
||
map { log_info "[DUMP] rule=$index, Attribute: $_=$request{$_}" } (keys %request);
|
||
return ($stop,$index,$myaction,$myline,%request);
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
# do NOT remove the next line
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
COMMAND LINE
|
||
*Ruleset*
|
||
|
||
The following arguments are used to specify the source of the postfwd
|
||
ruleset. This means that at least one of the following is required for
|
||
postfwd to work.
|
||
|
||
-f, --file <file>
|
||
Reads rules from <file>. Please see the CONFIGURATION section
|
||
below for more information.
|
||
|
||
-r, --rule <rule>
|
||
Adds <rule> to ruleset. Remember that you might have to quote
|
||
strings that contain whitespaces or shell characters.
|
||
|
||
*Scoring*
|
||
|
||
-s, --scores <val>=<action>
|
||
Returns <action> to postfix, when the request's score exceeds <val>
|
||
|
||
Multiple usage is allowed. Just chain your arguments, like:
|
||
|
||
postfwd -r "<item>=<value>;action=<result>" -f <file> -f <file> ...
|
||
or
|
||
postfwd --scores 4.5="WARN high score" --scores 5.0="REJECT postfwd score too high" ...
|
||
|
||
In case of multiple scores, the highest match will count. The order of
|
||
the arguments will be reflected in the postfwd ruleset.
|
||
|
||
*Control*
|
||
|
||
-d, --daemon
|
||
postfwd will run as daemon and listen on the network for incoming
|
||
queries (default 127.0.0.1:10040).
|
||
|
||
-k, --kill
|
||
Stops a running postfwd daemon.
|
||
|
||
--reload
|
||
Reloads configuration.
|
||
|
||
--dumpstats
|
||
Displays program usage statistics.
|
||
|
||
--dumpcache
|
||
Displays cache contents.
|
||
|
||
--delcache <item>
|
||
Removes an item from the request cache. Use --dumpcache to identify objects.
|
||
E.g.:
|
||
# postfwd --dumpcache
|
||
...
|
||
%rate_cache -> %sender=gmato@jqvo.org -> %RATE002+2_600 -> @count -> '1'
|
||
%rate_cache -> %sender=gmato@jqvo.org -> %RATE002+2_600 -> @maxcount -> '2'
|
||
...
|
||
# postfwd --delrate="sender=gmato@jqvo.org"
|
||
rate cache item 'sender=gmato@jqvo.org' removed
|
||
|
||
--delrate <item>
|
||
Removes an item from the rate cache. Use --dumpcache to identify objects.
|
||
|
||
*Networking*
|
||
|
||
postfwd can be run as daemon so that it listens on the network for
|
||
incoming requests. The following arguments will control it's behaviour
|
||
in this case.
|
||
|
||
-i, --interface <dev>
|
||
Bind postfwd to the specified interface (default 127.0.0.1).
|
||
|
||
-p, --port <port>
|
||
postfwd listens on the specified port (default tcp/10040).
|
||
|
||
--proto <type>
|
||
The protocol type for postfwd's socket. Currently you may use 'tcp' or 'unix' here.
|
||
To use postfwd with a unix domain socket, run it as follows:
|
||
postfwd --proto=unix --port=/somewhere/postfwd.socket
|
||
|
||
-u, --user <name>
|
||
Changes real and effective user to <name>.
|
||
|
||
-g, --group <name>
|
||
Changes real and effective group to <name>.
|
||
|
||
--umask <mask>
|
||
Changes the umask for filepermissions (unix domain sockets, pidfiles).
|
||
Attention: This is umask, not chmod - you have to specify the bits that
|
||
should NOT apply. E.g.: umask 077 equals to chmod 700.
|
||
|
||
-R, --chroot <path>
|
||
Chroot the process to the specified path.
|
||
Test this before using - you might need some libs there.
|
||
|
||
--pidfile <path>
|
||
The process id will be saved in the specified file.
|
||
|
||
--facility <f>
|
||
sets the syslog facility, default is 'mail'
|
||
|
||
--socktype <s>
|
||
sets the Sys::Syslog socktype to 'native', 'inet' or 'unix'.
|
||
Default is to auto-detect this depening on module version and os.
|
||
|
||
-l, --logname <label>
|
||
Labels the syslog messages. Useful when running multiple
|
||
instances of postfwd.
|
||
|
||
--loglen <int>
|
||
Truncates any syslog message after <int> characters.
|
||
|
||
*Plugins*
|
||
|
||
--plugins <file>
|
||
Loads postfwd plugins from file. Please see http://postfwd.org/postfwd.plugins
|
||
or the plugins.postfwd.sample that is available from the tarball for more info.
|
||
|
||
*Optional arguments*
|
||
|
||
These parameters influence the way postfwd is working. Any of them can
|
||
be combined.
|
||
|
||
-v, --verbose
|
||
Verbose logging displays a lot of useful information but can cause
|
||
your logfiles to grow noticeably. So use it with caution. Set the option
|
||
twice (-vv) to get more information (logs all request attributes).
|
||
|
||
-c, --cache <int> (default=600)
|
||
Timeout for request cache, results for identical requests will be
|
||
cached until config is reloaded or this time (in seconds) expired.
|
||
A setting of 0 disables this feature.
|
||
|
||
--cache-no-size
|
||
Ignores size attribute for cache comparisons which will lead to better
|
||
cache-hit rates. You should set this option, if you don't use the size
|
||
item in your ruleset.
|
||
|
||
--cache-no-sender
|
||
Ignores sender address for cache comparisons which will lead to better
|
||
cache-hit rates. You should set this option, if you don't use the sender
|
||
item in your ruleset.
|
||
|
||
--cache-rdomain-only
|
||
This will strip the localpart of the recipient's address before filling the
|
||
cache. This may considerably increase cache-hit rates.
|
||
|
||
--cache-rbl-timeout <timeout> (default=3600)
|
||
This default value will be used as timeout in seconds for rbl cache items,
|
||
if not specified in the ruleset.
|
||
|
||
--cache-rbl-default <pattern> (default=^127\.0\.0\.\d+$)
|
||
Matches <pattern> to rbl/rhsbl answers (regexp) if not specified in the ruleset.
|
||
|
||
--cacheid <item>, <item>, ...
|
||
This csv-separated list of request attributes will be used to construct
|
||
the request cache identifier. Use this only, if you know exactly what you
|
||
are doing. If you, for example, use postfwd only for RBL/RHSBL control,
|
||
you may set this to
|
||
postfwd --cache=3600 --cacheid=client_name,client_address
|
||
This increases efficiency of caching and improves postfwd's performance.
|
||
Warning: You should list all items here, which are used in your ruleset!
|
||
|
||
--cleanup-requests <interval> (default=600)
|
||
The request cache will be searched for timed out items after this <interval> in
|
||
seconds. It is a minimum value. The cleanup process will only take place, when
|
||
a new request arrives.
|
||
|
||
--cleanup-rbls <interval> (default=600)
|
||
The rbl cache will be searched for timed out items after this <interval> in
|
||
seconds. It is a minimum value. The cleanup process will only take place, when
|
||
a new request arrives.
|
||
|
||
--cleanup-rates <interval> (default=600)
|
||
The rate cache will be searched for timed out items after this <interval> in
|
||
seconds. It is a minimum value. The cleanup process will only take place, when
|
||
a new request arrives.
|
||
|
||
-S, --summary <int> (default=600)
|
||
Shows some usage statistics (program uptime, request counter, matching rules)
|
||
every <int> seconds. This option is included by the -v switch.
|
||
This feature uses the alarm signal, so you can force postfwd to dump the stats
|
||
using `kill -ALRM <pid>` (where <pid> is the process id of postfwd).
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
Aug 19 12:39:45 mail1 postfwd[666]: [STATS] Counters: 213000 seconds uptime, 39 rules
|
||
Aug 19 12:39:45 mail1 postfwd[666]: [STATS] Requests: 71643 overall, 49 last interval, 62.88% cache hits
|
||
Aug 19 12:39:45 mail1 postfwd[666]: [STATS] Averages: 20.18 overall, 4.90 last interval, 557.30 top
|
||
Aug 19 12:39:45 mail1 postfwd[666]: [STATS] Contents: 44 cached requests, 239 cached dnsbl results
|
||
Aug 19 12:39:45 mail1 postfwd[666]: [STATS] Rule ID: R-001 matched: 2704 times
|
||
Aug 19 12:39:45 mail1 postfwd[666]: [STATS] Rule ID: R-002 matched: 9351 times
|
||
Aug 19 12:39:45 mail1 postfwd[666]: [STATS] Rule ID: R-003 matched: 3116 times
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
--no-rulestats
|
||
Disables per rule statistics. Keeps your log clean, if you do not use them.
|
||
This option has no effect without --summary or --verbose set.
|
||
|
||
-L, --stdoutlog
|
||
Redirects all syslog messages to stdout for debugging. Never use this with postfix!
|
||
|
||
-t, --test
|
||
In test mode postfwd always returns "dunno", but logs according
|
||
to it`s ruleset. -v will be set automatically with this option.
|
||
|
||
-n, --nodns
|
||
Disables all DNS based checks like RBL checks. Rules containing
|
||
such elements will be ignored.
|
||
|
||
-n, --nodnslog
|
||
Disables logging of dns events.
|
||
|
||
--dns_timeout (default: 14)
|
||
Sets the timeout for asynchonous dns queries in seconds. This value will apply to
|
||
all dns items in a rule.
|
||
|
||
--dns_timeout_max (default: 10)
|
||
Sets the maximum timeout counter for dnsbl lookups. If the timeouts exceed this value
|
||
the corresponding dnsbl will be deactivated for a while (see --dns_timeout_interval).
|
||
|
||
--dns_timeout_interval (default=1200)
|
||
The dnsbl timeout counter will be cleaned after this interval in seconds. Use this
|
||
in conjunction with the --dns_timeout_max parameter.
|
||
|
||
--dns_async_txt
|
||
Perform dnsbl A and TXT lookups simultaneously (otherwise only for listings with at
|
||
least one A record). This needs more network bandwidth due to increased queries but
|
||
might increase throughput because the lookups can be parallelized.
|
||
|
||
--dns_max_ns_lookups (default=0)
|
||
maximum ns names to lookup up with sender_ns_addrs item. use 0 for no maximum.
|
||
|
||
--dns_max_mx_lookups (default=0)
|
||
maximum mx names to lookup up with sender_mx_addrs item. use 0 for no maximum.
|
||
|
||
-I, --instantcfg
|
||
The config files, specified by -f will be re-read for every request
|
||
postfwd receives. This enables on-the-fly configuration changes
|
||
without restarting. Though files will be read only if necessary
|
||
(which means their access times changed since last read) this might
|
||
significantly increase system load.
|
||
|
||
--config_timeout (default=3)
|
||
timeout in seconds to parse a single configuration line. if exceeded, the rule will
|
||
be skipped. this is used to prevent problems due to large files or loops.
|
||
|
||
--keep_rates (default=0)
|
||
With this option set postfwd does not clear the rate limit counters on reload. Please
|
||
note that you have to restart (not reload) postfwd with this option if you change
|
||
any rate limit rules.
|
||
|
||
--save_rates (default=none)
|
||
With this option postfwd saves existing rate limit counters to disk and reloads them
|
||
on program start. This allows persistent rate limits across program restarts or reboots.
|
||
Please note that postfwd needs read and write access to the specified file.
|
||
|
||
--fast_limit_evaluation (default=0)
|
||
Once a ratelimit was set by the ruleset, future requests will be evaluated against it
|
||
before consulting the ruleset. This mode was the default behaviour until v1.30.
|
||
With this mode rate limits will be faster, but also eventually set up
|
||
whitelisting-rules within the ruleset might not work as expected.
|
||
LIMITATIONS: This option does not allow nested postfwd commands like
|
||
action=rate(sender/3/60/wait(3))
|
||
This option doe not work with the strict-rfc5321 rate() functions.
|
||
|
||
*Informational arguments*
|
||
|
||
These arguments are for command line usage only. Never ever use them
|
||
with postfix spawn!
|
||
|
||
-C, --showconfig
|
||
Displays the current ruleset. Use -v for verbose output.
|
||
|
||
-P, --perfmon
|
||
This option turns of any syslogging and output. It is included
|
||
for performance testing.
|
||
|
||
-V, --version
|
||
Displays the program version.
|
||
|
||
-h, --help
|
||
Shows program usage.
|
||
|
||
-m, --manual
|
||
Displays the program manual.
|
||
|
||
REFRESH
|
||
In daemon mode postfwd reloads it's ruleset after receiving a HUP
|
||
signal. Please see the description of the '-I' switch to have your
|
||
configuration refreshed for every request postfwd receives.
|
||
|
||
EXAMPLES
|
||
## whitelisting
|
||
# 1. networks 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.4
|
||
# 2. client_names *.gmx.net and *.gmx.de
|
||
# 3. sender *@someshop.tld from 11.22.33.44
|
||
id=WL001; action=dunno ; client_address=192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.4
|
||
id=WL002; action=dunno ; client_name=\.gmx\.(net|de)$
|
||
id=WL003; action=dunno ; sender=@someshop\.tld$ ; client_address=11.22.33.44
|
||
|
||
## TLS control
|
||
# 1. *@authority.tld only with correct TLS fingerprint
|
||
# 2. *@secret.tld only with keysizes >=64
|
||
id=TL001; action=dunno ; sender=@authority\.tld$ ; ccert_fingerprint=AA:BB:CC..
|
||
id=TL002; action=REJECT wrong TLS fingerprint ; sender=@authority\.tld$
|
||
id=TL003; action=REJECT tls keylength < 64 ; sender=@secret\.tld$ ; encryption_keysize=64
|
||
|
||
## Combined RBL checks
|
||
# This will reject mail if
|
||
# 1. listed on ix.dnsbl.manitu.net
|
||
# 2. listed on zen.spamhaus.org (sbl and xbl, dns cache timeout 1200s instead of 3600s)
|
||
# 3. listed on min 2 of bl.spamcop.net, list.dsbl.org, dnsbl.sorbs.net
|
||
# 4. listed on bl.spamcop.net and one of rhsbl.ahbl.org, rhsbl.sorbs.net
|
||
id=RBL01 ; action=REJECT listed on ix.dnsbl.manitu.net ; rbl=ix.dnsbl.manitu.net
|
||
id=RBL02 ; action=REJECT listed on zen.spamhaus.org ; rbl=zen.spamhaus.org/127.0.0.[2-8]/1200
|
||
id=RBL03 ; action=REJECT listed on too many RBLs ; rblcount=2 ; rbl=bl.spamcop.net, list.dsbl.org, dnsbl.sorbs.net
|
||
id=RBL04 ; action=REJECT combined RBL+RHSBL check ; rbl=bl.spamcop.net ; rhsbl=rhsbl.ahbl.org, rhsbl.sorbs.net
|
||
|
||
## Message size (requires message_size_limit to be set to 30000000)
|
||
# 1. 30MB for systems in *.customer1.tld
|
||
# 2. 20MB for SASL user joejob
|
||
# 3. 10MB default
|
||
id=SZ001; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE; action=DUNNO; size<=30000000 ; client_name=\.customer1.tld$
|
||
id=SZ002; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE; action=DUNNO; size<=20000000 ; sasl_username==joejob
|
||
id=SZ002; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE; action=DUNNO; size<=10000000
|
||
id=SZ100; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE; action=REJECT message too large
|
||
|
||
## Selective Greylisting
|
||
##
|
||
## Note that postfwd does not include greylisting. This setup requires a running postgrey service
|
||
## at port 10031 and the following postfix restriction class in your main.cf:
|
||
##
|
||
## smtpd_restriction_classes = check_postgrey, ...
|
||
## check_postgrey = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031
|
||
#
|
||
# 1. if listed on zen.spamhaus.org with results 127.0.0.10 or .11, dns cache timeout 1200s
|
||
# 2. Client has no rDNS
|
||
# 3. Client comes from several dialin domains
|
||
id=GR001; action=check_postgrey ; rbl=dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net, zen.spamhaus.org/127.0.0.1[01]/1200
|
||
id=GR002; action=check_postgrey ; client_name=^unknown$
|
||
id=GR003; action=check_postgrey ; client_name=\.(t-ipconnect|alicedsl|ish)\.de$
|
||
|
||
## Date Time
|
||
date=24.12.2007-26.12.2007 ; action=450 4.7.1 office closed during christmas
|
||
time=04:00:00-05:00:00 ; action=450 4.7.1 maintenance ongoing, try again later
|
||
time=-07:00:00 ; sasl_username=jim ; action=450 4.7.1 to early for you, jim
|
||
time=22:00:00- ; sasl_username=jim ; action=450 4.7.1 to late now, jim
|
||
months=-Apr ; action=450 4.7.1 see you in may
|
||
days=!!Mon-Fri ; action=check_postgrey
|
||
|
||
## Usage of jump
|
||
# The following allows a message size of 30MB for different
|
||
# users/clients while others will only have 10MB.
|
||
id=R001 ; action=jump(R100) ; sasl_username=^(Alice|Bob|Jane)$
|
||
id=R002 ; action=jump(R100) ; client_address=192.168.1.0/24
|
||
id=R003 ; action=jump(R100) ; ccert_fingerprint=AA:BB:CC:DD:...
|
||
id=R004 ; action=jump(R100) ; ccert_fingerprint=AF:BE:CD:DC:...
|
||
id=R005 ; action=jump(R100) ; ccert_fingerprint=DD:CC:BB:DD:...
|
||
id=R099 ; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE; action=REJECT message too big (max. 10MB); size=10000000
|
||
id=R100 ; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE; action=REJECT message too big (max. 30MB); size=30000000
|
||
|
||
## Usage of score
|
||
# The following rejects a mail, if the client
|
||
# - is listed on 1 RBL and 1 RHSBL
|
||
# - is listed in 1 RBL or 1 RHSBL and has no correct rDNS
|
||
# - other clients without correct rDNS will be greylist-checked
|
||
# - some whitelists are used to lower the score
|
||
id=S01 ; score=2.6 ; action=check_postgrey
|
||
id=S02 ; score=5.0 ; action=REJECT postfwd score too high
|
||
id=R00 ; action=score(-1.0) ; rbl=exemptions.ahbl.org,list.dnswl.org,query.bondedsender.org,spf.trusted-forwarder.org
|
||
id=R01 ; action=score(2.5) ; rbl=bl.spamcop.net, list.dsbl.org, dnsbl.sorbs.net
|
||
id=R02 ; action=score(2.5) ; rhsbl=rhsbl.ahbl.org, rhsbl.sorbs.net
|
||
id=N01 ; action=score(-0.2) ; client_name==$$helo_name
|
||
id=N02 ; action=score(2.7) ; client_name=^unknown$
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
## Usage of rate and size
|
||
# The following temporary rejects requests from "unknown" clients, if they
|
||
# 1. exceeded 30 requests per hour or
|
||
# 2. tried to send more than 1.5mb within 10 minutes
|
||
id=RATE01 ; client_name==unknown ; protocol_state==RCPT
|
||
action=rate(client_address/30/3600/450 4.7.1 sorry, max 30 requests per hour)
|
||
id=SIZE01 ; client_name==unknown ; protocol_state==END-OF-MESSAGE
|
||
action=size(client_address/1572864/600/450 4.7.1 sorry, max 1.5mb per 10 minutes)
|
||
|
||
## Macros
|
||
# definition
|
||
&&RBLS { rbl=zen.spamhaus.org,list.dsbl.org,bl.spamcop.net,dnsbl.sorbs.net,ix.dnsbl.manitu.net; };
|
||
&&GONOW { action=REJECT your request caused our spam detection policy to reject this message. More info at http://www.domain.local; };
|
||
# rules
|
||
&&GONOW ; &&RBLS ; client_name=^unknown$
|
||
&&GONOW ; &&RBLS ; client_name=(\d+[\.-_]){4}
|
||
&&GONOW ; &&RBLS ; client_name=[\.-_](adsl|dynamic|ppp|)[\.-_]
|
||
|
||
## Groups
|
||
# definition
|
||
&&RBLS{
|
||
rbl=zen.spamhaus.org
|
||
rbl=list.dsbl.org
|
||
rbl=bl.spamcop.net
|
||
rbl=dnsbl.sorbs.net
|
||
rbl=ix.dnsbl.manitu.net
|
||
};
|
||
&&RHSBLS{
|
||
...
|
||
};
|
||
&&DYNAMIC{
|
||
client_name==unknown
|
||
client_name~=(\d+[\.-_]){4}
|
||
client_name~=[\.-_](adsl|dynamic|ppp|)[\.-_]
|
||
...
|
||
};
|
||
&&BAD_HELO{
|
||
helo_name==my.name.tld
|
||
helo_name~=^([^\.]+)$
|
||
helo_name~=\.(local|lan)$
|
||
...
|
||
};
|
||
&&MAINTENANCE{
|
||
date=15.01.2007
|
||
date=15.04.2007
|
||
date=15.07.2007
|
||
date=15.10.2007
|
||
time=03:00:00 - 04:00:00
|
||
};
|
||
# rules
|
||
id=COMBINED ; &&RBLS ; &&DYNAMIC ; action=REJECT dynamic client and listed on RBL
|
||
id=MAINTENANCE ; &&MAINTENANCE ; action=DEFER maintenance time - please try again later
|
||
|
||
# now with the set() command, note that long item
|
||
# lists don't have to be compared twice
|
||
id=RBL01 ; &&RBLS ; action=set(HIT_rbls=1)
|
||
id=HELO01 ; &&BAD_HELO ; action=set(HIT_helo=1)
|
||
id=DYNA01 ; &&DYNAMIC ; action=set(HIT_dyna=1)
|
||
id=REJECT01 ; HIT_rbls==1 ; HIT_helo==1 ; action=REJECT please see http://some.org/info?reject=01 for more info
|
||
id=REJECT02 ; HIT_rbls==1 ; HIT_dyna==1 ; action=REJECT please see http://some.org/info?reject=02 for more info
|
||
id=REJECT03 ; HIT_helo==1 ; HIT_dyna==1 ; action=REJECT please see http://some.org/info?reject=03 for more info
|
||
|
||
## combined with enhanced rbl features
|
||
#
|
||
id=RBL01 ; rhsblcount=all ; rblcount=all ; &&RBLS ; &&RHSBLS
|
||
action=set(HIT_dnsbls=$$rhsblcount,HIT_dnsbls+=$$rblcount,HIT_dnstxt=$$dnsbltext)
|
||
id=RBL02 ; HIT_dnsbls>=2 ; action=554 5.7.1 blocked using $$HIT_dnsbls DNSBLs [INFO: $$HIT_dnstxt]
|
||
|
||
PARSER
|
||
*Configuration*
|
||
|
||
The postfwd ruleset can be specified at the commandline (-r option) or
|
||
be read from files (-f). The order of your arguments will be kept. You
|
||
should check the parser with the -C | --showconfig switch at the command
|
||
line before applying a new config. The following call:
|
||
|
||
postfwd --showconfig \
|
||
-r "id=TEST; recipient_count=100; action=WARN mail with 100+ recipients" \
|
||
-f /etc/postfwd.cf \
|
||
-r "id=DEFAULT; action=dunno";
|
||
|
||
will produce the following output:
|
||
|
||
Rule 0: id->"TEST" action->"WARN mail with 100+ recipients"; recipient_count->"100"
|
||
...
|
||
... <content of /etc/postfwd.cf> ...
|
||
...
|
||
Rule <n>: id->"DEFAULT" action->"dunno"
|
||
|
||
Multiple items of the same type will be added to lists (see the "ITEMS"
|
||
section for more info):
|
||
|
||
postfwd --showconfig \
|
||
-r "client_address=192.168.1.0/24; client_address=172.16.26.32; action=dunno"
|
||
|
||
will result in:
|
||
|
||
Rule 0: id->"R-0"; action->"dunno"; client_address->"192.168.1.0/24, 172.16.26.32"
|
||
|
||
Macros are evaluated at configuration stage, which means that
|
||
|
||
postfwd --showconfig \
|
||
-r "&&RBLS { rbl=bl.spamcop.net; client_name=^unknown$; };" \
|
||
-r "id=RBL001; &&RBLS; action=REJECT listed on spamcop and bad rdns";
|
||
|
||
will result in:
|
||
|
||
Rule 0: id->"RBL001"; action->"REJECT listed on spamcop and bad rdns"; rbl->"bl.spamcop.net"; client_name->"^unknown$"
|
||
|
||
*Request processing*
|
||
|
||
When a policy delegation request arrives it will be compared against
|
||
postfwd`s ruleset. To inspect the processing in detail you should
|
||
increase verbority using use the "-v" or "-vv" switch. "-L" redirects
|
||
log messages to stdout.
|
||
|
||
Keeping the order of the ruleset in general, items will be compared in
|
||
random order, which basically means that
|
||
|
||
id=R001; action=dunno; client_address=192.168.1.1; sender=bob@alice.local
|
||
|
||
equals to
|
||
|
||
id=R001; sender=bob@alice.local; client_address=192.168.1.1; action=dunno
|
||
|
||
Lists will be evaluated in the specified order. This allows to place
|
||
faster expressions at first:
|
||
|
||
postfwd -vv -L -r "id=RBL001; rbl=localrbl.local zen.spamhaus.org; action=REJECT" /some/where/request.sample
|
||
|
||
produces the following
|
||
|
||
[LOGS info]: compare rbl: "remotehost.remote.net[68.10.1.7]" -> "localrbl.local"
|
||
[LOGS info]: count1 rbl: "2" -> "0"
|
||
[LOGS info]: query rbl: localrbl.local 7.1.10.68 (7.1.10.68.localrbl.local)
|
||
[LOGS info]: count2 rbl: "2" -> "0"
|
||
[LOGS info]: match rbl: FALSE
|
||
[LOGS info]: compare rbl: "remotehost.remote.net[68.10.1.7]" -> "zen.spamhaus.org"
|
||
[LOGS info]: count1 rbl: "2" -> "0"
|
||
[LOGS info]: query rbl: zen.spamhaus.org 7.1.10.68 (7.1.10.68.zen.spamhaus.org)
|
||
[LOGS info]: count2 rbl: "2" -> "0"
|
||
[LOGS info]: match rbl: FALSE
|
||
[LOGS info]: Action: dunno
|
||
|
||
The negation operator !!(<value>) has the highest priority and therefore
|
||
will be evaluated first. Then variable substitutions are performed:
|
||
|
||
postfwd -vv -L -r "id=TEST; action=REJECT; client_name=!!($$heloname)" /some/where/request.sample
|
||
|
||
will give
|
||
|
||
[LOGS info]: compare client_name: "unknown" -> "!!($$helo_name)"
|
||
[LOGS info]: negate client_name: "unknown" -> "$$helo_name"
|
||
[LOGS info]: substitute client_name: "unknown" -> "english-breakfast.cloud8.net"
|
||
[LOGS info]: match client_name: TRUE
|
||
[LOGS info]: Action: REJECT
|
||
|
||
*Ruleset evaluation*
|
||
|
||
A rule hits when all items (or at least one element of a list for each
|
||
item) have matched. As soon as one item (or all elements of a list)
|
||
fails to compare against the request attribute the parser will jump to
|
||
the next rule in the postfwd ruleset.
|
||
|
||
If a rule matches, there are two options:
|
||
|
||
* Rule returns postfix action (dunno, reject, ...) The parser stops rule
|
||
processing and returns the action to postfix. Other rules will not be
|
||
evaluated.
|
||
|
||
* Rule returns postfwd action (jump(), note(), ...) The parser evaluates
|
||
the given action and continues with the next rule (except for the jump()
|
||
or quit() actions - please see the "ACTIONS" section for more
|
||
information). Nothing will be sent to postfix.
|
||
|
||
If no rule has matched and the end of the ruleset is reached postfwd
|
||
will return dunno without logging anything unless in verbose mode. You
|
||
may simply place a last `catch-all´ rule to change that behaviour:
|
||
|
||
... <your rules> ...
|
||
id=DEFAULT ; action=dunno
|
||
|
||
will log any request that passes the ruleset without having hit a prior
|
||
rule.
|
||
|
||
INTEGRATION
|
||
*Integration via daemon mode*
|
||
|
||
The common way to use postfwd is to start it as daemon, listening at a
|
||
specified tcp port. As postfwd will run in a single instance
|
||
(multiplexing mode), it will take most benefit of it`s internal caching
|
||
in that case. Start postfwd with the following parameters:
|
||
|
||
postfwd -d -f /etc/postfwd.cf -i 127.0.0.1 -p 10040 -u nobody -g nobody -S
|
||
|
||
For efficient caching you should check if you can use the options
|
||
--cache-rdomain-only, --cache-no-sender and --cache-no-size.
|
||
|
||
Now check your syslogs (default facility "mail") for a line like:
|
||
|
||
Aug 9 23:00:24 mail postfwd[5158]: postfwd n.nn ready for input
|
||
|
||
and use `netstat -an|grep 10040` to check for something like
|
||
|
||
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10040 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
|
||
|
||
If everything works, open your postfix main.cf and insert the following
|
||
|
||
127.0.0.1:10040_time_limit = 3600 <--- integration
|
||
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks <--- recommended
|
||
reject_unauth_destination <--- recommended
|
||
check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10040 <--- integration
|
||
|
||
Reload your configuration with `postfix reload` and watch your logs. In
|
||
it works you should see lines like the following in your mail log:
|
||
|
||
Aug 9 23:01:24 mail postfwd[5158]: rule=22, id=ML_POSTFIX, client=english-breakfast.cloud9.net[168.100.1.7], sender=owner-postfix-users@postfix.tld, recipient=someone@domain.local, helo=english-breakfast.cloud9.net, proto=ESMTP, state=RCPT, action=dunno
|
||
|
||
If you want to check for size or rcpt_count items you must integrate
|
||
postfwd in smtp_data_restrictions or smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions. Of
|
||
course you can also specify a restriction class and use it in your
|
||
access tables. First create a file /etc/postfix/policy containing:
|
||
|
||
domain1.local postfwdcheck
|
||
domain2.local postfwdcheck
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
Then postmap that file (`postmap hash:/etc/postfix/policy`), open your
|
||
main.cf and enter
|
||
|
||
# Restriction Classes
|
||
smtpd_restriction_classes = postfwdcheck, <some more>... <--- integration
|
||
postfwdcheck = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10040 <--- integration
|
||
|
||
127.0.0.1:10040_time_limit = 3600 <--- integration
|
||
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, <--- recommended
|
||
reject_unauth_destination, <--- recommended
|
||
... <--- optional
|
||
check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/policy, <--- integration
|
||
... <--- optional
|
||
|
||
Reload postfix and watch your logs.
|
||
|
||
*Integration via xinetd*
|
||
|
||
There might be several reasons for you to use postfwd via a tcp wrapper
|
||
package like xinetd (see <http://www.xinetd.org/>). I won`t discuss that
|
||
here. If you plan to do so, just add the following line to your
|
||
/etc/services file:
|
||
|
||
# postfwd port
|
||
postfwd 10040/tcp
|
||
|
||
Then create a file '/etc/xinetd.d/postfwd':
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
interface = 127.0.0.1
|
||
socket_type = stream
|
||
protocol = tcp
|
||
wait = no
|
||
user = nobody
|
||
server = /usr/local/bin/postfwd
|
||
server_args = -f /etc/postfwd.cf
|
||
disable = no
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
and restart the xinetd daemon (usually a SIGHUP should be fine). If you
|
||
experience problems you might want to check your system's log for xinetd
|
||
errors like "socket already in use".
|
||
|
||
The integration with postfix is similar to the *Integration via daemon
|
||
mode* section above. Reload postfix and watch your logs to see if
|
||
everything works.
|
||
|
||
TESTING
|
||
First you have to create a ruleset (see Configuration section). Check it
|
||
with
|
||
|
||
postfwd -f /etc/postfwd.cf -C
|
||
|
||
There is an example policy request distributed with postfwd, called
|
||
'request.sample'. Simply change it to meet your requirements and use
|
||
|
||
postfwd -f /etc/postfwd.cf <request.sample
|
||
|
||
You should get an answer like
|
||
|
||
action=<whateveryouconfigured>
|
||
|
||
For network tests I use netcat:
|
||
|
||
nc 127.0.0.1 10040 <request.sample
|
||
|
||
to send a request to postfwd. If you receive nothing, make sure that
|
||
postfwd is running and listening on the specified network settings.
|
||
|
||
PERFORMANCE
|
||
Some of these proposals might not match your environment. Please check
|
||
your requirements and test new options carefully!
|
||
|
||
- use caching options
|
||
- use the correct match operator ==, <=, >=
|
||
- use ^ and/or $ in regular expressions
|
||
- use item lists (faster than single rules)
|
||
- use set() action on repeated item lists
|
||
- use jumps and rate limits
|
||
- use a pre-lookup rule for rbl/rhsbls with empty note() action
|
||
|
||
SEE ALSO
|
||
See <http://www.postfix.org/SMTPD_POLICY_README.html> for a description
|
||
of how Postfix policy servers work.
|
||
|
||
LICENSE
|
||
postfwd is free software and released under BSD license, which basically
|
||
means that you can do what you want as long as you keep the copyright
|
||
notice:
|
||
|
||
Copyright (c) 2007, Jan Peter Kessler All rights reserved.
|
||
|
||
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
||
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
|
||
met:
|
||
|
||
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
||
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
||
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
||
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
|
||
the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
|
||
distribution.
|
||
* Neither the name of the authors nor the names of his contributors
|
||
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
|
||
software without specific prior written permission.
|
||
|
||
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ME ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
|
||
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
||
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN
|
||
NO EVENT SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
|
||
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
|
||
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
|
||
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
|
||
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
|
||
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
|
||
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
|
||
|
||
AUTHOR
|
||
Jan Peter Kessler <info (AT) postfwd (DOT) org>. Let me know, if you
|
||
have any suggestions.
|
||
|